In London 1788 Alexander Hogg published 3 Volumes- The New Royal Cyclopedia,and Encyclopedia, or Complete, Modern and Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences...Modern Improvements & Latest Discoveries..." The copper plate engravings, printed in 1788, reveal a fraction of the knowledge born from the Age of Enlightenment (c.1650-) & Industrial Revolution (c.1750-). This technological awareness belies the brutality on the eve of European Colonization of their newest colony, Australia, to those transported and those Aboriginal inhabitants.

Age of Enlightenment (c.1650-c1820)

"Era in Western philosophy, intellectual, scientific and cultural life, where reason was advocated as the primary source legitimacy and authority."

This was an time when "Reason" was preferred as the "primary source and basis of legitimacy and authority". This movement helped create the intellectual framework for the American and French revolutions among others. The philosophical developments of that age, and their impact in moral and social reform, aspired towards governmental consolidation, primacy of the nation-state and eventually greater rights for the common people.

Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

The Industrial Revolution reshapes humanity and the Planet.

From the late 1700s to the early 1800s this maturing of human consciousness was co-existing with the birth of the Industrial Revolution when major changes were happening in rural and urban Britain. There were many advancements in knowledge of the natural world along with the inventions that fueled this mechanical revolution. The Scottish Highland Clearances, the forced rural exodus to revolutionize land use and profitability, tore huge holes in local societies. This was replicated across Britain, with displaced rural laborers driven to urban centres where crime was a growth industry.

Bound For Botany Bay

Artful dodger from OLIVER TWIST, illustrator Frank Reynolds, 1911

From this heady political, social and technological canvas the First Fleet, lead by Captain Arthur Phillip, set sail with a cargo of convicts and marines bound for Botany Bay. The planning of Britain's colonization of NSW was a response to overcrowded prisons, a product of the agrarian revolution in Britain (rural land closures etc.) The American Revolution put an end to that transportation option, the only way to relieve the over-crowding in prisons was to establish a Penal Colony in the lands of NSW discovered by Captain James Cook in 1770.

Southern Continent

Southern Continent, published by the Dutch in 1644 after the return of Abel Tasman.

He gave a cartographic identity to East Coast of New Holland: the Dutch had already began the challenge recording the aggregate Dutch “Southern Continent”explorations in a 1644 map published after the return of explorer Abel Tasman. The 11 ships embarked on the 15,000 mile voyage on the 13th May 1787 to establish the first European colony in New Holland (later Australia). It marked the beginnings of transportation to Australia. Between 1788 and 1850 the English sent over 162,000 convicts in 806 ships.

Not a Celebration for All